Sunday, January 19, 2020

Relationship between hypothesized behavior Essay

The aim of the paper was to determine the relationship between hypothesized behavior resulting from a personality test and actual information behavior from a group-based assignment. Traditionally, information seeking behavior is subsumed under a single monolithic theoretical framework. The study seeks to address the empirical categorization of such behavior. About three voluntary groups of ten library and information science students were observed during a project assignment. The NEO-PI-R test was employed to describe and define personality traits of participants. The independent variables are gender and test results. The dependent variable is the so-called ‘differential information-seeking behavior’ (between the populations). The findings are as follows: 1) some personality traits are related to actual information-seeking behavior, 2) gender is not a good determinant of good behavior, and 3) personality traits are also related to the overall context of group activities. 2) Research Design. You want to know more about the social interaction of preschoolers in the playground. Suppose the number of preschoolers (assuming) is 30 and above, then we can conduct a statistical test. The independent variable is ‘time spent playing with other preschoolers’- X- (assuming that we expand the playing time of the children). The dependent variable is ‘personal acceptability’ – Y – (the degree in which a child receives positively other children). If we observe that an increase in X is accompanied by an increase in Y, then we can assume that the two are correlated. In short, as the amount of time spent playing with other preschoolers is increased, the degree of personal acceptability increases. 3) A correlation value of 0. 89 means that there exists a very strong positive linear relationship between the two variables. In short, the amount of time (in hours) spent in studying is positively related to exam scores. A student who spends more time studying will likely to receive high exam scores. 4) The researchers subjected ‘Albert’ to intense psychological conditions without his consent. The researchers were also indifferent to the consequences of the experiment (which turned out bad for the child). These two instances merit as ethical faults in the study. 5) Neurotransmitters are chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. Neurotransmitters, in a sense, activate receptors of the nervous system. Hormones are also signal chemicals but with different purpose. They are chemicals that transport signal from one cell to another, altering body metabolism (which neurotransmitters cannot do).

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Hunger Games, Film Essay Essay

The movie ‘The Hunger Games’ directed by Gary Ross is an extraordinary fictional tale. A tale set in a futuristic dystopia society called ‘Panem’. This nation is divided into 12 districts and a capitol. Every year each district must offer two tributes a male and a female that must fight to the death until there is one remaining tribute out of twenty-four, who later becomes a victor. An interesting character in the film is Katniss Everdene, the films heroine. A District 12 citizen, katniss’s will to survive and furious attitude is shown from the moment we first see her on screen. Throughout the games we see Katniss challenging the regime and having the will to survive. Even before Katniss enters the games we see her take a maternal role over Primrose, her younger sister. Katniss provides a living for them both. The level of maturity shown through the character Katniss makes her intriguing to the audience, making her and interesting character. Throughout the film, character Katniss provided the audience with a sense of maternal values and wholesome family principals. As food is scarce in District 12, Katniss hunts in the nearby district in order for her family to survive, despite the dictatorship her life is ruled by. A full shot of Katniss daringly venturing into a neighbouring district to provide food, shows us just how bad the situation is for the district. The fence that separates the districts can be seen for an immense way, and the close up of the high voltage sign provides us with the feeling of what Katniss would do for her family. This restores a sense of familiar family values to the audience. The director Gary Ross has deliberate used Katniss’s character to involve our own emotions and connect closer to the film through Katniss’s maternal instinct to keep her family alive. Gary Ross positioned the viewers to feel for her family and the community who are run by greedy sadistic dictators and we feel disgusted for those who try and run others lives through the enforcement of fear. Gary Ross uses Katniss to relate to our problems and us, viewers can understand the challenges Katniss goes through cause they are much like our own. Katniss show the audience how everybody has the natural instinct to survive when put in front of difficult situations. Before Katniss enters the games she comes across as stubborn and making friends is not her strong point. Katniss portrays a sympathetic and loving emotion during the games once Hamish, her mentor gave her wise words, ‘you have to make people like you’. Hamish being a past tribute, who became a victor, knows how the games must be played to win. A mid shot on Katniss’s face when told this captures her emotions in a way the lets the audience know the discomfort the news has brought her. Katniss preformed well during the games, and upheld a persona leading up to the games. Together Katniss and Peeta, the male tribute from district 12 forged a fake love for the satisfaction of the government. In a critical moment in the film after Peeta gets injured they use their ‘love’ to receive medication, A single kiss helped them get the suplies they needed with a note attached reading â€Å"you call that a kiss†. Kat niss is willing to adapt to lying in order to survive. As the audience, we are positioned to understand to understand her point of view, Katniss does not enjoy killing, nor approve however in order to survive she is willing to do what is nessercery, and as viewers we asked left asking what would we do in this situation? Through Katniss’s character, Gary Ross has led the audience to see how natural human emotions have led Katniss to rebel. A rebellion against the regime ordered by the totalatarian government. When a young girl named Rue from district 11 is murdered due to a consequence of the games, Katniss comforts her as she would with her younger sister, Primrose, this positions the audience to feel sympathy towards the tributes of the games, especially young Rue and we feel ashamed towards the form of entertainment enforced by the government. Katniss’s rebellion is sparked by Rue’s dying last wish ‘ you must win’. Rue is helping Katniss through her battle, so Katniss supports her by showing a symbol of respect towards district 11. Katniss holds up her three fingers towards the camera in a full shot angle to capture the significance of this tiny action. No past tribute has ever done this towards another tributes and Gary Ross uses this action to differentiate Katn iss from the other tributes. Katniss’s action brought humanity to the games, which brought hope, and a lot of hope was unwelcome by the Capitol.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Essay The Media Causes Eating Disorders - 2171 Words

During your lifetime 250,000 people will die due to an eating disorder. Is this really the type of society we want to be a part of? One which causes people to die needlessly due to media influences which cause the augmentation of a detrimental body image? In the eyes of society emaciated celebrities are the embodiment of perfection. This media ideal of thinness presents society with an unrealistic body image and is projected through the means of television, commercials and magazines, causing women to replicate this ideal. False idealism is the jurisdiction of the 21st century with the number of teenage girls in Britain being admitted to hospital due to anorexia doubling in the last decade. The fundamental reason I chose this topic is†¦show more content†¦In this essay I will assess and focus on why this is so, as well as recent new stresses the media has established throughout society. Flawless images used throughout the media saturate young girl’s minds, highlighting superlative women. For teenage girls this is hard to ignore with the line between fantasy and reality skewed my mass media and stress placed on obtaining an idealistic body portrait. In modern, Western society children are constantly bombarded with images of a false nature: many of which are photo-shopped to remove ‘imperfections’. But one of the most outraging/staggering facts is that children are not unaware of the demeaning and derogatory methods used by the media with ‘81% of 10 year olds scared of becoming fat’ (World Health Organisation) showing that the prominence of the media is becoming ever more apparent. Television images have the capability and unique aptitude to mould children’s attitudes and these are established at a very early age. Children look at TV characters as what society sees and expects of them and begin to stereotype. If a thin actor/ actress is playing the lead or key role children automatically assume they play an important factor in society and by being thin they are therefore of a higher status. This false imagery plays a vital role in a child’s upbringing, leading to a submissive pressure to constantly diet and strive for the ‘perfect body image’ and my research hasShow MoreRelatedPeer Pressure And Media Cause Eating Disorders1743 Words   |  7 PagesPeer Pressure and Media Cause Eating Disorders A USA Today article reported, â€Å"According to a 2011 study in Archives of General Psychiatry about 6% of youths suffer from eating disorders. The report went on to say the 55% of high school girls and 30% of boys had eating disorder symptoms. They used diet pills, vomiting, laxatives, fasting and binge-eating to help them lose weight (Healy). Going along with the previous statistic, The Random House Dictionary defines peer pressure as a social pressureRead More The Media Causes Eating Disorders Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages According to the National Eating Disorder Association the media has a major influence on what a woman’s body should look like. Every print and television advertisement suggests that the ideal body is extremely thin. However, most women cannot achieve having a super-thin body that the media favors. The resulting failure leads to negative feelings about one’s self and can begin a downward spiral toward an eating disorder (National Eat ing Disorders Association). A particularlyRead MorePeer Pressure And Media Cause Eating Disorders1759 Words   |  8 PagesBaker Mrs.Shultz/Mrs.Seymore English 5th Period 30 January 2015 Peer Pressure and Media Cause Eating Disorders A USA Today article reported, â€Å"According to a 2011 study in Archives of General Psychiatry about 6% of youths suffer from eating disorders. The report went on to say the 55% of high school girls and 30% of boys had eating disorder symptoms. They used diet pills, vomiting, laxatives, fasting and binge-eating to help them lose weight.† (Healy). Going along with the previous statistic, TheRead MoreEating Disorders Have Multiple Complex Causes; The Media is not to Blame 1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the topic of eating disorders (ED), anorexia, bulimia, starving, purging, or any other form of self harm is brought into an everyday conversation, it is simply looked at as nothing out of them norm and is just brushed off as if the topic was concerning what the President had for lunch that day. At first glance, the average person would probably conclude that the main reason eating disorders are so noted in young women today is simply due to the fact that the media puts so much pressure on theseRead MoreSociology Essay: â€Å"How Far Would Sociologists Agree That the Media Causes Eating Disorders in Women?898 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"How far would sociologists agree that the media causes eating disorders in women? In this essay I will discuss how far sociologists would agree that the media causes eating disorders in women. Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the damage of an individuals physical and emotional health. Eating disorders include: bulimia, anorexia and obesity. First Marxists would argue allRead MoreInfluence of American Mass Media Ideals on Body Image and Eating Disorders in the U.S1243 Words   |  5 PagesMass media have an enormous impact on society and how people act, especially in developed countries. How do mass media influence views of body image and the development of eating disorders? People living in countries influenced by Western culture show concern for their appearance or dietary habits daily. This paper will analyze the effect of mass media on the issues of body image and eating disorders in the United States. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TRRead MoreEssay about Socio-Cultural Influences on Eating Disorders 1073 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent magazine covers and advertisements go a long way in influencing our choices† (Bagley). The media is highly affective to everyone, although they promote an improper image of living. Research proved says those with low self-esteem are most influenced by media. Media is not the only culprit behind eating disorders. However, that does not mean that they have no part in eating disorders. Media is omnipresent and challenging it can halt the constant pressure on people to be perfect (Bagley). Socio-culturalRead MoreNegative Body Image Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesskinny?† â€Å"I really need to stop eating so much†, and so on. The girl has never really thought about her body in these ways; she has felt neutral about it until now. She looks down, cautiously grabbing at her stomach in the same way that the other girls are. Later, when she goes on social media, she begins noticing how flawless celebrities are and how perfect their bodies seem in comparison to hers. Her mind begins swirling with thoughts. Body image, eating disorders, and their effects plague AmericaRead MoreCauses of Eating Disorders Eating disorders are several types of severe eating illnesses that700 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of Eating Disorders Eating disorders are several types of severe eating illnesses that cause people to maintain focus on only their diet and weight. Some prime examples of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating. Anorexia nervosa is a type of eating disorder where people are so focused on their weight that they refuse to eat or eat as little as possible, bulimia nervosa is similar to anorexia except instead of eating so little people binge eat and then forceRead MoreMedias Effect on Eating Disorders1164 Words   |  5 PagesMedia’s Effect On Eating Disorders Symbolic Interactionism is a theory focusing on the approach that has evolved from social behaviorism and that stresses the symbolic nature of human interaction (p. 46). In society, there are norms and expectations that people are expected to follow and live by and trying to achieve this ideal self-image, people sometime behave in a self-destructing behavior. Because the media creates an image that we are suppose to fit, people will go to the extreme measures

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Volleyball as a Subculture - 1650 Words

Does Society â€Å"Dig† Volleyball as a Subculture? I. Introduction The individuality within diverse subcultures has given so much to society already. Subcultures such as volleyball have been given a chance to grow in our society and spread to other cultures connecting nations across the globe. It takes time for a subculture to be accepted by our society today. Once it is accepted, membership in subculture grows as more people feel comfortable joining a mainstream subculture such as volleyball. However, to be a part of this particular subculture there are a few guidelines and some complicated jargon. Perhaps, since volleyball is not a subculture that greatly defies social norms, it may not be stigmatized or critically stereotyped by†¦show more content†¦A set is done, as already mentioned, over the player’s head with two hands slightly spaced apart. Then, the players and opponents repeat the actions as such: bump, set, spike. I became of part of this subculture when I was in 3rd grade, but became a serious member in 7th grade when I played with a competitive volleyball team. We would meet to practice for about an hour everyday, and we would play other opponents once a week. The longer I was a part of this subculture, the more involved I became with it, and the more serious I became about being a part of the group. III. Subculture Analysis As a leisure sport, volleyball is part of the middle class society, where most Americans tend to consider themselves falling in the social class system. Volleyball interests most middle school and high school girls, but little interest is shown by boys of that age. I was personally a part of the subculture of volleyball involving middle school and high school girls. Participating in this subculture proves athleticism and strength. Also, being a member of the subculture can give the individual a feeling of responsibility and success, helping to gain confidence in themself. Volleyball is part of the mainstream culture, mostly popular among girls. As many schools only have women’s teams, men are a minority in the subculture, even though the game was designed originally for men. Also, because the subculture involves physical activityShow MoreRelatedGrand Canyon University : A Christian University1016 Words   |  5 Pagesintelligence and disaster preparedness. Grand Canyon University operates several other campuses in the state of Arizona. These are found in Albuquerque, Scottsdale, Banner Boswell and St. Joseph’s Hospital. All school members are devoted to creating a subculture that is characterized by loving service and welcoming attitudes. Grand Canyon University Accreditation Details Grand Canyon University is accredited through the Higher Learning Commission, which is recognized by the U.S. Department of EducationRead MoreCell Biology Lab Manual5674 Words   |  23 PagesContents I. Introduction * About the author page 2 * Preface page 3 II. Laboratory Techniques * Cell Culture Technique page 4-5 * Sterile Technique page 6-7 * Media Preparation page 8-9 * Seed cells page 10 * Subculture page 11-12 * Cell count page 13-14 * Cryopreservation page 15 III. Laboratory Experiments * Intentional Contamination page 16-17 * Tonicity page 18-19 * DNA Transfection page 20-23 * Cytoskeleton page 24-25 Read MoreKathoey4529 Words   |  19 Pageslittle knowledge from our side and too little information to be found to actually make a sufficient report. Therefore, we decided to discard the idea. Nowadays the ‘Kathoey’ are getting more and more acknowledgement in the world. In 1996, a volleyball team composed mostly of gays and ‘Kathoey’s, known as The Iron Ladies, later portrayed in two Thai movies, won the Thai national championship. Among the most famous ‘Kathoey’s in Thailand is Nong Tum, a former champion Thai boxer who emerged intoRead MoreCultural And Social Aspects Of Sports1837 Words   |  8 Pageswhich all people are welcome. The organization that I belong to and have been a part of is sports. Sports are something that kids from ages three to adult can be apart of and be accepted. I actually work for a sporting complex that hosts basketball, volleyball, and soccer. By working there I have come to know the culture, socialization, social structure, and the informal and formal norms. It is amazing to see all of these cultures and social aspects blend together. Culture is all around sports, whetherRead MoreCanad A Country Of Multicultural And Multi Ethnic1994 Words   |  8 Pageswinter or rainy. Regarding sports, the sport is most popular in Canada is hockey and Lacrosse. However, hockey is popular with about 6 million people play this sport. In addition, there are other sports such as football, skiing, baseball, golf, volleyball. Canada has been the host of the 1976 Summer Olympics, it was held in Montreal. The festival is part of the Canadian culture alive. The festival is held in the summer at most, starting with May 24 Victoria Day. Furthermore, Caribana Festival isRead MoreEssay about Social Learning Theories and Juveniles4006 Words   |  17 PagesRunning Head: Social Learning Theories and Juveniles Social Learning Theories Relating to Juvenile delinquency Abstract This paper takes a closer look at the social learning’s of society’s subculture that displays delinquent behavior. Using differential association I explain the learned behavior through the social environment such as role models, peer influence, and poverty stricken families. Delinquency is not biologically nor psychologically but is learned just as a person learns to obeyRead MoreEssay about Japan2672 Words   |  11 Pagesfirst instance. Type of Law The Japanese do not have a law as such, the citizens have codes to abide by. Social Organisations Group Behaviour The Japanese in general are very polite and well mannered people. Race, ethnicity and subcultures There are may Chinese in Japan as well as Koreans. The original race of Japan are the Inu people. Religon and Asthetics Religon and other belief systems As below Relationship with the people Just about every single person is a ShintoRead MoreJapan: Pacific Ocean and Junior High School2720 Words   |  11 Pagescourts of first instance. Type of Law The Japanese do not have a law as such, the citizens have codes to abide by. Social Organisations Group Behaviour The Japanese in general are very polite and well mannered people. Race, ethnicity and subcultures There are may Chinese in Japan as well as Koreans. The original race of Japan are the Inu people. Religon and Asthetics Religon and other belief systems As below Relationship with the people Just about every single person is a Shinto and threeRead MoreSport Tourism6457 Words   |  26 Pagessector of sport tourism. Likewise, tourism associated with professional, college, and amateur sports is also part of tiffs form of sport tourism. Walt Disney Worlds Wide World of Sports venue can host 32 different sports including tennis, beach volleyball, and field hockey. Research on the impact s of hosting sport events is extensive. Ritchie (1984) discussed a number of positive and negative impacts --physical, socio-cultural, and economic -- felt by a community hosting major sport event s. A studyRead MoreCountry Notebook Essay12249 Words   |  49 Pagesclasses. * Clubs and other organizations There are many different social clubs exist in South Korea. From coffee shop to night club there is a very in depth social seen depending on what it is tour looking for. * Race, ethnicity, and subcultures South Korea is known for pure blooded society. The majority of the population in South Korea is Koreans. While there may be minority there are not enough to change the population. Business Customs and Practices South Korean business practices

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Orientalism, Imperialism, And Culture Clash Essay

M.Butterfly Today in America the cultural divide between traditional western culture and many other cultures such as the Asian and Middle Eastern cultures show the divided clash between them that western culture has pushed from Oriental notions of other cultures and Imperial power on them believing that the views and culture of Western life are better for other people more than their own culture and way of living to establish power. These systems of power that still divide men and women create the idea that a person is either of American/Western culture or of the cultural life of where they came from. The construction of these systems by men show the chauvinistic ideals of Western culture that are destructive to women, men, and other cultures as well such as between the Eastern culture and the European culture. M.Butterfly by David Henry Hwang shows the theme Orientalism, Imperialism, and culture clash where Europeans fetishize Asian cultures as underdeveloped, backward, passive, exotic, and feminine and its impact of chauvinistic fetishization on men and women from these different cultures. With the main character Gallimard, it is shown he is heavily influenced by the Orientalist and Imperialist views that pervade his Western-European culture with his relationship to others which slowly becomes detrimental over time in the play and ultimately lead to his death. An important part of the Western-European ideals that Gallimard adopts in the play and can be seenShow MoreRelatedEdward Said s Critique Of Orientalism Essay1777 Words   |  8 Pages SHORT ANSWERS What are the key features of Edward Said s critique of Orientalism? Said’s critique of Orientalism is based upon the way Western scholars in the 19th and 20th century represented the East as inferior and as the ‘other’. He believes their views are based upon imperialism and a clash of cultures. Firstly imperialism, as Western countries were the invading forces that conquered the East. He says through this lens all art, writing and any other depiction of IslamicRead MoreA Post-Colonial Analysis of Mr. Know-All and Man-to-Man3054 Words   |  13 Pagessophisticated ideology of color/race supremacy.† Such ideology of supremacy can be typically reflected in post-colonial theory and literature, whose overlapping themes include the initial encounter with the colonizer, the disruption of indigenous culture, the concept of â€Å"othering†, colonial oppression, white supremacy, and so on. This paper looks at Somerset Maugham’s short story Mr. Know-All and the 2005 French film Man-to-Man through a post-colonial lens. Both works are good representations ofRead MoreIr The Iranian Identity3660 Words   |  15 PagesGlobalization is defined as the ‘world becoming a small global village’ where all countries merge into a mosaic of one multicultural free communication of information village. Yet, if globalization is supposed to enhance the relationships between different cultures, making the whole world one nation, it drastically fails, due to the many differences between the world’s nations. Iran is one example of a country nation that has been detached from the global structure. With all the studies that have been madeRead MoreTurqueric Influence in Mozarts Alla Turca2363 Words   |  10 Pagesdescribe artifacts made in Turkey, or in France by Turkish craftsmen, and by derivation the influence on French design of elements from the Byzantine Emp ire, the Saljuq Islamic period and the Ottoman Empire.’ 1 In music, the influence of Turkish culture in European society also spurred composers like Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven to write music with the used of Alla Turca style in 18th century. Alla Turca was being referred to the ‘Turkish music’, however it is not purely music of Turkey but ratherRead MoreThe Clash of Cultures and Races in A Passage to India2861 Words   |  12 PagesThe clash of cultures and races in A Passage to India A Passage to India, published in 1924, was E. M. Forsters first novel in fourteen years, and the last novel he wrote. Forster began writing A Passage to India in 1913, just after his first visit to India. The novel was not revised and completed, until the end of his second stay in India, in 1921, when he served as secretary to the Maharajah of Dewas State Senior. Novel examines the racial misunderstandings and cultural hypocrisies that characterizedRead More The Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pagesand eradicate Western culture to established political systems that endeavor to enforce Islamic law. The definition and conception of an Islamic state has been a source of debate in the realm of Islamic scholarship. Some scholars assert that the period of the caliphate in Medina following the Prophet Mohammad’s death represents the most recent example of a true Islamic state. These scholars view all modern systems as â€Å"alien to Islamic principles, a creature of imperialism...† and seek â€Å"a ‘trulyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPublic Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political

Monday, December 9, 2019

Two Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTwo Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student. Answer: Introduction The present report is developed to analyze the ethical scenarios presented in the case study given. The scenarios given relates to professional and personal code of ethics to be followed for complying effective with ethical principles and procedures. The professional scenario has presented a case where a certified public accountant has not complied with his duties. The second scenario depicts the case of a student who has acted against the integrity code of ethics. As such, the report presents an analysis of the ethical concerns in the given two scenarios with the application of ethical frameworks. Standards Principles of Ethics Violated by Johnny and Marry The professional scenario represents the situation of violation of code of ethics established for the public accountants. Johnny, engaged in carrying out audit of ABC Company, has not fulfilled his duties effectively as discovered by the firm manager before the inspection of PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), 2004). The work paper submitted by Johnny before the inspection does not include supporting worksheet and signed engagement letter. Johnny has added an earlier version found on his computer hard drive as supporting sheet after his manager direction and also the engagement letter is inserted into the file later without proper explanation of its subsequent reasons. The ethical standard violated by Johnny as per the professional code of ethics is professional competence and care (Professional ethics, 2018). As per the ethical standard, the professional accountants hold the responsibility of carrying out their duties as per the legislations and should act diligently as per the ethical standards. Johnny has not demonstrated full competency in carrying out their roles and responsibilities as he has not maintained proper record of worksheet and also engagement letter. Johnny can be sanctioned by the firm or PCAOB due to negligence of his duties as per the Public Accountancy Act that ahs provided the working standards for professional accountants (Langenderfer and Rockness, 1989). In the second scenario of students, Mary Jo has acted against the ethics of integrity. She has issued a certificate of being aware of integrity code of ethics but has avoided the code by studying from the test paper that is meant only for instructor use. This is because she has violated the code of ethics maintained by the University for the Students and therefore liable to gain punishment from the university (Cheng and Flasher, 2016). The main stakeholders in each case Professional Scenario On the basis of case study provided there only one other stakeholders other than the Johnny. The stakeholder will be manager of the company he is much impacted by the decision of the Johnny. So it vital to known here that the decision to add the working paper through applying unfair means as audit standard requires working paper should be properly made through carrying out proper audit process. In order to save the time and to provide the manager with the working paper he taken from working paper from old hard drive put the tick marks without even checking them properly. This action by Johnny will put the manager of the company in trouble as Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) will question about the integrity of the working paper that auditor has provided and also review the engagement letter. As all these documents are not original and has no supporting evidence to prove that these documents are made at the time of real audit process carried out by the Johnny (James, 2015). Student Scenario In this scenario that main stakeholders other than the Mary Jo will be the students who have also appeared in the test paper in which Mary Jo has appeared. It is because Mary Jo has opted for unethical means to pass percentage in the test which is unfair on the parts of other students (Tritschler, 2013). Rationalize Behavior of Johnny and Mary Jo Johnny in the case of professional scenario can rationalize his behavior as he does not intend to conceal any materialistic information for his personal benefits. It is by mistake he has failed to submit the spreadsheet and gain sign from the client. Also, Mary Jo intends to pass the examination through studying the test paper. She has only downloaded the paper meant for instructor use to only study and not for any other illegal activities and this rationalize her behavior (Cheng and Flasher, 2016). Alternative actions recommended for Johnny and Mary Jo The alternative action for Johnny as per the Public Accountancy Act is to provide reliable and fair disclosure of information to the PCAOB. However, Johnny in the case is not able to find out the working paper for supporting the results provided in the main file. As such, he should do the calculations gain for providing a fair record of information for supporting the information disclosed to the auditing board (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), 2012). The alternative course of action for Mary Jo in the student scenario as per the student code of ethics is to gain permission from instructor regarding the use of study kit for achieving success in the examination. This would enable her to gain support of the instructor for studying and also complying with the ethical rules and regulations of the university effectively (Keenan, 2015). Ethical Dilemmas of Johnny and Mary Jo Johnny on confronting with his ethical dilemma in the professional case scenario failed to speak up due to negligence on his part to maintain the proper record of spreadsheet and signature of client. He has acted against the code of ethics established for professional accountants and therefore was not able to rationalize his behavior on being confronted. However, he can voice over his concerns as the firm ABC may be has not directed the accounts to maintain a record of spreadsheet that may be the cause for Johnny to being reluctant in maintaining an appropriate record of spreadsheet (Cheng and Flasher, 2016). On the other hand, in the case of student scenario, Mary Jo may have failed to speak up on being confronted as she violated the integrity code of university by non-complying with the copyright act. However, she can voice her concern by proving that the study material download by her protected by the copyright act was only for studying purpose and is also used by other students (Cheng and Flasher, 2016). Conclusion It can be stated from the overall discussion held in the report that compliance with professional and personal code of ethics is very essential for an individual to achieve long-term growth. Violation of the code of ethics can only provide short term success to an individual but complying with ethical standard is essential to promote ones long-term success. References Cheng, C. and Flasher, R. 2016. Two Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student Ethical Decision Making. Issues in Accounting Education 33(1), pp. 45-47. James, H.C. 2015. Modern Auditing Assurance Services. Wiley. Keenan, J. 2015. University Ethics: How Colleges Can Build and Benefit from a Culture of Ethics. Rowman Littlefield. Langenderfer, H. Q., and J. W. Rockness. 1989. Integrating ethics into the accounting curriculum: Issues, problems, and solutions. Issues in Accounting Education 4 (1), pp. 5869. Professional ethics. 2018. Retrieved 28 April, 2018, from https://www.aat.org.uk/about-aat/professional-ethics Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 2004. Audit Documentation. Auditing Standard (AS) No. 1215. Release No.2004-006. Washington, DC: PCAOB. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 2012. Order Instituting Disciplinary Proceedings, Making Findings, and Imposing Sanctions. Release No. 105-2012-008. Washington, DC: PCAOB. Tritschler, J. 2013. Audit Quality: Association between published reporting errors and audit firm characteristics. Springer Science Business Media.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Terrorism Essays - Terrorism, Definitions Of Terrorism,

Terrorism As we are approaching the 21st century, it seems that terrorism is becoming another one of society's constant problems. It has reached to an extent that most of us have now become immune to it. We hear about the hijacking of different airplanes, kidnapping of diplomatic officers, slaughter of innocent civilians by other civilians and what do we do about it? Nothing. Due to some dirty fish, most of us do not protest anymore about passing our luggage through metal detectors and submitting to searches at airports. Some of us believe that terrorism is something that can not be controlled, just like poverty, discrimination and crime, which is just there. On the other hand, some experts believe that terrorism may be abolished if nations begin to follow a firm, non-tolerant approach taken by countries like ________. What do most terrorists really want? Well, terrorists in most instances first strike by doing something vicious like bombing an area, so that the government and the citizens of the country can be terrified of them. Then, they make their demands: _________, safe passage or release of their fellow terrorists. The media and the citizens then want the government to negotiate with their demands and give them whatever they want so that they can go away. The situation stated above is quite common and will only encourage further acts of terrorism. What can the government do to stop terrorism? *It can eliminate terrorism by showing the terrorists some action and retaliation as act of self-defense. *It can exert political pressure on nations that practice or support terrorism and refuse to trade with them. *It can refuse to sell these nations any kind of _________ and/or military devices. It can terminate ________ relations and close down their __________ in these nations. *Another response would be using military action, which should not be ruled out in the case of hijacking of ships or planes. These steps may have some good affects on other nations and soon the rest shall follow them.